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The World a Department Store
''The World a Department Store: A Story of Life Under a Coöperative System'' is a utopian novel written by Bradford C. Peck, and published by him in 1900.〔Bradford C. Peck, ''The World a Department Store: A Story of Life Under a Coöperative System'', Lewiston, ME and Boston, privately printed, 1900.〕 The book was one entrant in the wave of utopian and dystopian writing that occurred in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.〔Kenneth M. Roemer, ''The Obsolete Necessity: America in Utopian Writings, 1888–1900'', Kent, OH, Kent State University Press, 1976.〕〔Jean Pfaelzer, ''The Utopian Novel in America, 1886–1896: The Politics of Form'', Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1984.〕 Moreover, Peck's book was one of the minority of utopian works of the time that was linked to an effort at practical application of its ideas.〔Wallace Evan Davies, "A Collectivist Experiment Down East: Bradford Peck and the Coöperative Association of America," ''New England Quarterly'', Vol. 20 (December 1947), pp. 471-91.〕〔Francine C. Cary, "''The World a Department Store'': Bradford Peck and the Utopian Endeavor," ''American Quarterly'', Vol. 29 (Fall 1977), pp. 370-84.〕
==The Cooperative==
Bradford Peck (1853–1935) has been compared to King Gillette as a successful businessman of the Gilded Age who nonetheless advocated views that were, to some degree, anti-capitalist and pro-socialist.〔Susan L. Mizruchi, "Realist utopias," in: Sacvan Bercovitch, general editor, ''The Cambridge History of American Literature'', Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2005; p. 721.〕 Peck followed the Horatio Alger pattern in American life,〔Cary, p. 372.〕 rising from want to commercial success; a native of Lewiston, Maine, he built the largest department store in the state in its time. In reaction to the chaotic business conditions of the Panic of 1893, Peck began to develop a commitment to the emerging cooperative movement.
Peck formed a local co-operative association in 1899, and soon promoted it into the "Coöperative Association of America." His goal was to link producers with consumers as directly as possible, eliminating all expenses of "middle-men", bankers and interest payments, and advertising costs, and so creating a far more efficient and economical business model than the one dominant in America in his generation. The Association established a co-op grocery and restaurant, and opened a reading room; Peck later transferred the ownership of his department store to the Association so that its profits would support the cause.
Peck organized conventions and other activities to promote the co-operative movement. The Association tried to form a co-operative community in Oregon in 1906, but without success. The Lewiston co-op shut down in 1912, when the C.A.A. lost its lease on its headquarters. Peck, however, remained a vigorous advocate of his views until his death at age 82. He also wrote ''The World a Department Store'', his only novel, to promote his vision. The book sold for $1.00 per copy; royalties went to the Association. (A British edition was issued by the publisher Gay & Bird, also in 1900.)
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